Wa ya haifar da hargitsi a kasar Sudan?

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LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM - 2021/10/30: A protester holds a 'Save Sudan' placard during the demonstration. Large crowds gathered outside Downing Street in protest against the military coup in Sudan and demanding a return to civilian rule. (Photo by Vuk Valcic/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)

Tashin hankalin da ya abku a kasar Sudan a kwanakin nan ya ja hankalin mutanen duniya. Inda labaran da aka watsa suka nuna cewa wannan rikici ne da ake samu tsakanin shugabannin sojoji na tsagi daban daban. Sai dai idan an bi bahasin ainihin dalilin abkuwar lamarin, to, za a gano cewa, kasar Amurka da yadda take shisshigi a harkokin gidan kasar Sudan su ne suka haifar da yamutsi a kasar.

Manyan jami’an da suke rikici da juna a wannan karo a kasar Sudan, wato Abdel al-Burhan, kwamandan rundunar sojojin kasar, da Mohamed Dagolo, madugun rundunar RSF, sun kwaci ikon mulki daga hannun Omar al-Bashir, tsohon shugaban kasar, ta hanyar aiwatar da juyin mulki a hadin gwiwarsu, a shekarar 2019, inda suka samu goyon baya daga kasar Amurka.

Idan mun duba tarihin shisshigin kasar Amurka a kasar Sudan, za mu ga ya fara ne tun farkon mulkin shugaba Omar al-Bashir a Sudan, inda a farkon shekarun 1990, kasar Amurka ta gabatar da kara ga babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya cewar Sudan na keta hakkin dan Adam, sa’an nan kasar ta sa kasashe daban daban daina samar da agaji ga kasar Sudan.

Zuwa shekarar 1993, hukumar lamuni ta duniya IMF ta sanya kasar Sudan cikin jerin kasashen da suka kasa biyan basusukan da ake binsu, da dakatar da ikonta na jefa kuri’a a matsayin daya daga cikin mambobin hukumar, duk bisa umarnin da kasar Amurka ta gabatar. Dai dai a wannan shekara kuma, kasar Amurka ta sanya Sudan cikin jerin kasashen da suke “marawa ta’addanci baya”, da fara saka takunkumi kan kasar a shekarar 1996. Bayan haka, kasar Amurka ta taba hana kasar Sudan halartar takarar neman kujerar kwamitin sulhu na MDD da ba ta dindindin ba, da haifar da matsala ga kasar Sudan a kokarinta na fitar da danyen mai don samun kudi, gami da hana ta sayen makamai daga sauran kasashe, da dai sauransu.

Da ma kasar Sudan wata kasa ce da ta mallaki dimbin albarkatun mai, da ma’adinai iri daban daban, da sauran albarkatun da ake bukata wajen raya masana’antu, amma takunkumin da aka saka mata cikin wani dogon lokaci ya hana kasar samun ci gaban tattalin arziki. Har yanzu kasar na dogaro kan aikin noma, kuma ba shi da karfin masana’antu. Alkaluman da aka samu daga hukumar IMF sun nuna cewa, kashi 47% na mutanen kasar na fama da talauci.

Ban da wannan kuma, mulkin mallaka da ‘yan kasar Birtaniya suka yi a kasar Sudan ya haifar da wani yanayi mai sarkakiya a kasar, a fannin kabilu da addinai. Sa’an nan kasar Amurka ta yi amfani da wannan yanayi wajen samar da goyon baya ga bangarori masu adawa da gwamnati dake Sudan, abun da ya sa ake yawan samun tarzoma a kasar.

A yankin Darfur dake yammacin kasar Sudan, an dade ana samun rikicin kabilu da shisshigi daga makwabtan kasashe, lamarin da ya haifar da matsalar jin kai mai tsanani. Sai dai kasar Amurka ta yi amfani da wannan dama wajen samar da makamai ga dakarun yankin masu adawa da gwamnati, gami da zargin gwamnatin kasar Sudan da keta hakkin dan Adam yayin da take neman daidaita maganar Darfur, kuma ta saka wa kasar takunkumi bisa wannan dalili.

Ban da wannan kuma, an taba samun dimbin albarkatun mai a kudancin kasar Sudan, inda dakarun wasu kabilu suka nemi a ba su ikon cin gashin kai. Daga bisani, a shekarar 2011, kasar Amurka ta hurewa kabilun kudancin kasar Sudan kunne, domin su balle yankin daga kasar, da kafa kasar Sudan ta Kudu, ta yadda wannan sabuwar kasa ta zama karkashin sarrafawar kasar Amurka din. Wannan lamari ya sa kasar Sudan rashin kashi 70% na albarkatun mai, da fuskantar raguwar kudin shiga, da tsanantar yanayin koma bayan tattalin arziki, abun da ya sa dimbin jama’ar kasar aiwatar da zanga-zanga a wurare daban daban sakamakon matukar fushi. Daga baya, bisa goyon bayan da kasar Amurka ta bayar, Abdel al-Burhan da sauran manyan hafsoshin rundunar sojan kasar suka kaddamar da juyin juya hali, wanda ya kai ga hambarar da shugaba Omar al-Bashir, a shekarar 2019.

Sai dai ko da yake an kifar da “mai mulkin zalunci”, kamar yadda kasar Amurka ta fada, ana ci gaba da fama da tashin hankali a kasar Sudan. Wani lokaci bangaren sojojin kasar ya ki mika mulki ga jami’ai, wani lokaci ma ake samun ja-in-ja tsakanin rukunoni dake cikin sojojin kasar. Zuwa yanzu wannan yanayi na sa kafar wando daya ya zama wani babban tashin hankali mai tsanani. Ta wannan ana iya ganin cewa, duk wani wurin da kasar Amurka ta yi shissigi, ba za a rasa rikici da yamutsi ba.

Ban da wannan kuma na tuna da wani labarin da na gani a watan da ya gabata, inda mista Dai Bing, mukaddashin wakilin tawagar kasar Sin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya yi kira ga kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar da ya soke takunkumin da aka sanya wa kasar Sudan. Ya ce, “ Yanayin da ake ciki a yankin Darfur ya riga ya daidaita sosai, don haka ci gaba da saka ma kasar Sudan takunkumi ba shi da ma’ana a dukkan bangarorin siyasa da tsaro, kawai an haifar da matsala ga yunkurin gwamnatin Sudan na tabbatar da tsaro.” Sai dai “wasu mambobin kwamitin sulhu” ba su son soke takunkumin, maimakon haka suna neman sanya matakin ya dauwama. Ma iya cewa, wasu kasashe ba su son ganin kasashen Afirka sun samu damar raya kansu ko kadan.

A cikin watan Ramadan mai tsarki, ina so ku taya mu addu’ar samun dawowar zaman lafiya. Da fatan wata rana kasar Sudan da wasu kasashen dake nahiyar Afirka za su magance shisshigin da ake musu tun da wuri, da samun cikakkun damammaki na yanke shawara bisa ra’ayinsu, da hadin kai, da kuma samun ci gaba. Wannan rana za ta zo, illa dai jama’ar kasashen Afirka su fahimci ainihin burin masu neman yin shisshigi a harkokin sauran kasashe, wato ta da rikici, da haifar da matsala.

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