Hamɓarar da gwamnatin Shugaba Mohamed Bazoum da sojojin Nijar suka yi ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Abdourahmane Tchiani ya jefa yankin Afirka ta Yamma cikin rikici.
Mulkin sojin Nijar dai na barazanar ƙara jefa yankin da ke fama da rashin tsaro da rikicin masu iƙirarin jihadi, cikin wani rikici.
Ƙasashe da dama sun yi tur da juyin mulkin. To shin su wane ne manyan masu ruwa a harkokin siyasar ta Nijar kuma wacce rawa suke takawa?
Su wane ne manyan jagorori a sha’anin juyin mulkin?
Janar Abdourahamane Tchiani
Janar Tchiani mai shekara 62, shi ne shugaban dakarun tsaron fadar shugaban ƙasar Nijar tun 2011, kuma babban aminin tsohon shugaban ƙasa Mahamadou Issoufou.
Ya naɗa kansa a matsayin sabon shugaban mulkin sojin Nijar bayan juyin mulkin 26 ga watan Yuli.
Akwai ƙarancin bayanai kan matakin karatunsa da aikinsa , sai dai an sha ambato sunansa a kafafen yaɗa labarai na Nijar a shekarar 2015 kan yunƙurin juyin mulki a zamanin mulkin tsohon Shugaba Issoufou.
Kotu ta gurfanar da Tchiani a gabanta a 2018, inda ya musanta dukkan zarge-zargen da ake masa, kotun kuma ta wanke shi daga dukkan zargi.
A cikin wani jawabi da ya yi a gidan talabijin ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, Tchiani ya ce babu wani matsin lambar ƙasashen yankin da zai sanya su mayar da mulki ga hamɓararren Shugaba Bazoum bisa karagar mulkin ƙasar.
Shugaba Mohamed Bazoum
An rantsar da Shugaba Bazoum a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasar Nijar ranar 2 ga watan Afrilun 2021, ya kuma gaji tsohon shugaban ƙasar Mahamadou Issoufou wanda ya mulki ƙasar daga 2011 zuwa 2021.
Bazoum, babban aboki ne ga Ƙasashen Yamma, sojojin Nijar sun hamɓarar da shi a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin 2023.
Masu lura da al’amurra sun yi imanin cewa ana tsare da Bazoum a gidansa da ke Yamai, babban birnin ƙasar.
Gwamnatin Bazoum ta yi haɗin gwiwa da ƙasashen Turai wajen ƙoƙarin dakile kwararar baƙin haure ta tekun Bahar Aswad.
Ya amince zai mayar da masu ƙoƙarin tsallakawa Turai da ke tsare a wajen da ake tsare mutane a Libya, tare da dakushe duk wata hanya da masu safarar mutane ke amfani da ita tsakanin Yammaci da Kudancin Afirka.
Sojojin Nijar
Sojojin Nijar sun goyi bayan hamɓarar da gwamnatin Bazoum, inda suka kare matakin nasu da matsin tattalin arziki da ƙasar ke ciki da kuma “matsalar rashin tsaro da ta ƙi ci ta ƙi cinyewa”.
Sun kuma yi gargaɗi kan duk wani yunƙuri na shigar da sojojin ƙasashen ƙetare ƙasar.
Manyan sojojin Nijar ne suka haɗu suka samar da rundunar tsaron da ake kira da Majalisar Ceton Ƙasa.
Shugaban sojin ƙasa na Nijar Abdou Sidikou Issa ya ce: “Mun goyi bayan juyin mulkin ne domin kauce wa ɓarkewar yaƙi tsakanin rundunonin tsaron ƙasar.”
Ƙungiyoyin farar hula na M62
Ƙungiyoyin farar hula sun fara zanga-zangar adawa da Faransa a tsakiyar shekarar 2022, lokacin da gwamnatin Bazoum ta amince da shigowar sojojin Faransa Nijar bayan da Mali ta ba su umarnin barin ƙasarta.
Sun riƙa kiraye-kiraye kan rashin iya mulki da tsadar rayuwa da kuma zaman sojojin Faransa a ƙasar.
Hukumomin Nijar sun haramta zanga-zangar gamayyar ƙungiyoyin farar hula na M62, an kuma ɗaure shugaban su Abdoulaye Seydou tsawon wata tara a watan Afrilu na 2023, inda aka zarge shi da “tayar da tarzoma”.
Ƙungiyar ta farfaɗo bayan hamɓarar da Shugaba Bazoum, inda suka shirya zanga-zangar nuna goyon baya ga juyin mulkin.
Ƙasashe maƙwabta
Burkina Faso
Makwabciyar Nijar ce wadda ita ma ta fuskanci juyin mulki sau biyu a watan Janairu da watan Satumba na 2022.
Sojojin ƙasar masu mulki sun yi gargaɗin cewa duk wani shiga tsakani a Nijar ta hanyar amfani da soji “daidai yake da ƙaddamar da yaƙi da Burkina Faso”.
Hukumomin mulkin sojin Burkina Faso sun ce ba su amince da ƙaƙaba wa Nijar takunkumi ba inda suka kira hakan da rashin tausayi kuma hakan ya saba wa doka.
Tun bayan juyin mulkin ƙasar, ta karkata ga Rasha.
Mali
Ita ma ƙasa ce da ke makwabtaka da Nijar. Ta fuskanci juyin mulki a watan Mayu na 2021.
Gwamnatin mulkin sojin ƙasar ta fitar da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa da Burkina Faso tana nuna goyon baya ga juyin mulkin Nijar ɗin.
Najeriya
Sabon Shugaban Najeriya Bola Tinubu, kuma shugaban ƙungiyar Ecowas, juyin mulkin na Nijar shi ne babban ƙalubalen da ya ci karo da shi a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙungiyar.
Najeriya na da iyakoki masu girman kilomita 1,500 da Nijar, saboda haka tsaron ƙasashen a haɗe yake.
Tinubu ya taka rawa wajen adawa da mulkin soji a shekarar 1980, yana kuma kallon kansa a matsayin ɗan gwagwamayar tabbatar da dimukuraɗiyya.
Tinubu ya mayar da martani kan juyin mulkin, inda ya kira taron gaggawa na shugabannin ƙasashen ƙungiyar Ecowas a fadar shugaban ƙasar da ke Abuja.
Najeriya ta katse wutar lantarkin da take bai wa Nijar a matsayin wani ɓangare na takunkuman da ta ƙaƙaba wa ƙasar.
Chadi
Chadi ba mamba ba ce a Ecowas, amma shugabantaMahamat Idriss Déby Itno ya je Nijar don neman sojoji su bi umarnin Ecowas na mayar da Bazoum kan mulki.
Ecowas
Ƙungiyar ta ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma ta tir da juyin mulkin kuma ta bai wa jagororin sojan wa’adin mako ɗaya daga 30 ga watan Yuli don su mayar da Bazoum ko kuma su fuskanci fushinta.
Abdel-Fatau Musah, kwamashinan harkokin siyasa da zaman lafiya, ya ce “ƙarfin soja ne mataki na ƙarshe da za mu ɗauka”.
Ƙasashen Yamma
Ƙungiyar Wagner
Shugaban ƙungiyar tsaro ta Wagner, Yevgeny Prigozhin, an yi zargin ya bayyana juyin mulkin da wata gagarumar nasara.
“Abin da ya faru a Nijar ba komai ba ne face gawagwarmayar mutanen Nijar da waɗanda suka mulke su,” in ji shi cikin wani sautin murya da wata kafar watsa labarai mai alaƙa da ƙungiyar tsaron ta wallafa – kodayake dai BBC ba ta tabbatar da ingancin sautin muryar ba.
Shugaba Bazoum ya sha kokawa kan yaɗa labarai marasa tushe da sojojin Wagner suke yi a Nijar kafin juyin mulkin, sai dai Amurka ta ce babu tabbacin akwai hannun Wagner wajen hamɓarar da gwamnatin Bazoum.
Rasha
Fadar gwamnatin Kremlin ta ce halin da ake ciki a Nijar “babban lamari ne dake buƙatar lura”, fadar ta kuma yi kira da kowane ɓangare da su bi doka domin tabbatar da zaman lafiya.
Mai magana da yawun ma’aikatar harkokin waje. Maria Zakharova ta ce ” ana ci gaba da tattaunar ƙasa da ƙasa don tabbatar da dawo da mulkin ɗumuƙuraɗiyya”.
Faransa
Ita ce ƙasar da ta yi wa Nijar mulkin mallaka, inda take da sojoji 1,500 a ƙasar.
Faransa ta nuna gagarumar adawa da juyin mulkin.
Ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Faransa ta ce Shugaba Bazoum ne halastaccen shugaban ƙasar Nijar.
Ministan tsaron Faransa, Sébastien Lecornu, ya ce sama da ƴan ƙasar ta da ƴan ƙasashen Turai 1,000 suka kwashe daga Nijar.
Amurka
Gwamnatin Amurka ta yi kakkausar suka game da juyin mulkin Nijar, Inda sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Anthony Blinken ya yi kira da a saki hamɓarraren shugaban nan take.
Amurka na da sojoji 1,000 a Nijar. Akwai yarjejeniyar soji tsakanin ƙasashen biyu tun 2013, inda suke taimakawa ƙasar wajen yaƙi da ƴan ta’adda.
Amurka ta bayar da umarnin rufe ofishin jakadancinta na wucin gadi.
Jamus
Jamus na da makarantar soji a babban birnin ƙasar Yamai.
Ta kuma dakatar da duk wani tallafin kuɗi da ke bayarwa ga gwamnatin Nijar har illa masha Allah. Ta kuma yi gargaɗin akwai yiwuwar sake ƙaƙaba wa Nijar wasu sabbabin takunkumai nan gaba.
Turkiyya
Tun bayan fara alaƙar difilomasiyya da Nijar a 1967, Turkiyya na ci gaba da ƙarfafa alaƙar.
Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Turkiyya ta ce tun bayan buɗe ofishin jakadancinta a Yamai, sun ƙulla yarjejeniyoyi 29 wanda darajarsu suka kai dala miliyan 72 a 2019.
Turkiyya ta bai wa Nijar da Mali jirage marasa matuƙa da kuma tallafin ciyar da ƙasa gaba. A 2021, Nijar ta karɓi jirgen Bayraktar marasa matuƙa shida a yarjejeniyar sayen makamai.
Ma’aikatar wajen ta Turkiyya ta faɗa cikin wata sanarwa cewa: “Muna bin abind a ke faruwa cikin damuwa na yunƙurin wasu sojojin Nijar da ke shirin yin juyin mulki.”
Ƙungiyoyin ƙasashen duniya
Tarayyar Afirka (AU), da Tarayyar Turai (EU), da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (MDD), duka sun yi tir da juyin mulkin. AU ta nemi sojojin su koma barikokinsu cikin kwana 15.
Ita kuma EU ta janye dukkan ayyukan tsaro a ƙasar.
Babban Sakataren MDD Antonio Guterres ya nuna goyon bayansa ga hamɓararren Shugaba Mohamed Bazoum kuma ya nemi shugabannin sojin su sake shi ba tare da wani abu ba.
