Takaitaccen tarihin ka’idojin rubutun Hausa

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Dukkan abubuwan da suka faru a baya za a ga daidaikun mutane ne ke yi da kulawar hukuma, sai dai hukumar ba ta sa baki ba sosai da sosai sai a shekarar 1955 da aka kafa Hukumar Kula Da Lamurran Hausa, (Hausa Language Board) wadda hukuma ce da ta yi kokarin daidaita Hausa da samar da ka’idojin rubuta Hausar.

Hukumar ta yi abubuwa da dama, ita ce ta gyara da tantance duk wadansu kalmomin aro da na kimiyya da fasaha. Wannan hukuma ce kuma ta waiwayi aikin da Hans Bischer ya yi domin daidaita tunani da zamani, ta samar da kundin da ta kira Rules for Hausa Orthography a 1958.

A daidai wannan lokaci ne aka tsayar da karin Hausar Kano a matsayin Daidaitacciyar Hausa, sai dai an shelanta cewa duk inda aka sami kalmomi da a cikin garin Kano kadai ake furta su, ana iya maye gurbinsu da wadansu daga kare-karen Hausa can daban da suka fi karbuwa.

Bayan da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka bar kasar Hausa, an yi ta kokari daga ‘yan gida a daidaita rubutun Hausa. Taro na farko da aka yi shi ne a birnin Bamako na kasar Mali a shekarar 1966, karkashin jagorancin Hukumar UNESCO, inda aka tattauna yadda za a daidaita rubutun Hausa a Yammacin Afrirka. A wannan taron ne aka amince a rubuta Hausa kamar haka:
Haruffa masu lankwasa /b/ da /k/ da /d/ kamar yadda suke yanzu.
Aka samar da tagwayen haruffa /sh/ da /ts/ da /gy/ da /ky/ da /ky/ da /gw/ da /kw/.
A kuma raba /su/ da /na/ wato /su na/ ko /ka na/ ko /ki na/ da /ya na/ dss.
A shekarar 1970 kuma an yi wani taron a jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, Zaria inda aka sake kallon aikin da Hukumar Kula Da Lamurran Hausa ta yi a 1958, aka samar da sababbin bayanai kamar haka:
A dinga rubuta /ko’ina/ ba /ko ina/ ba
Haka a rubuta /yake/ ba /ya ke/ ba, ko /yakan/ ba /ya kan/ ba, /suna/ ba /su na/ ba.
Da kuma /mutum/ ba /mutun/ ba
Da /malam/ ba /malan/ ba
/Ranar kasuwa/ ba /ranak kasuwa/ ba.
A shekarar 1972 kuma an sake gudanar da wani taro a a jami’ar Bayero Kano, wanda shi ma ya yi kokarin daidaita ka’idojin rubutun Hausa, an amince da ‘yan gyare-gyare da dama, wadanda za iya cewa su ne har yau ake amfani da su a duk fadin duniyar Hausa.
Ga kadan daga abubuwan da aka amince da su a wurin taron, kamar yadda Farfesa M.K.M.Galadanci ya kattaba:
Universal nouns are written as one word:
/komai/ ba /ko mai/ ba
/kowa/ ba /ko wa/ ba
/koyaushe/ ba /ko yaushe/ ba.

Where the pre-berbal pronoun precedes the tense marker it is written as one word:
/yakan/ ba /ya kan/ ba
/yana/ ba /ya na/ ba.
Where the tense marker precedes the pre-berbal pronoun it is written separately: /za mu/ ba /zamu/ ba.
/za su/ ba /zasu ba.
A short possessibe is joined to the preceding nominal:
/dokina/ ba /doki na/ ba
/rigarsa/ ba /rigar sa/ ba
/zanenta/ ba /zanen ta/ ba.

But the long possessibe is written separately:
/wani doki nawa/ ba /wani dokinawa/ ba
/wata riga tawa/ ba /wata rigatawa/ ba
/wani zane nata/ ba /wani zanenata/ ba.

The pronoun object is written separately:
/ya ba ni/ ba /ya bani/ ba.
/mun sa shi/ ba /mun sashi/ ba
/ana kiran ka/ ba /ana kiranka/ ba.

Haka kuma an jaddada cewa /saboda/ da /watakila/ kalmomi ne a cure wuri guda, ba a rubuta su a ware ba, wato /sabo da/ ko /wata kila/ ba da sauran su.

Taron karshe da aka yi na daidaita rubutun Hausa shi ne wanda aka yi a Niamey, a kasar Nijar a shekarar 1980, karkashin jagorancin Kungiyar Hada Kan Afirka, (OAU). An shirya wannan taro ne don a mayar da hankali wajen daidaita rubutun Hausa a Nijeriya da Nijar, shi ma wannan taro ya amince da muhimman bayanai da suka hada da:
Tabbatar da gajerun wasullan Hausa: i,e,a,o,u.
Tabbatar da dogayen wasullan Hausa: ii,ee,aa,oo,uu.
Da kuma bakaken Hausa kuda 33.
Daga lokacin da aka rushe Hausa Language Board (Hukumar Kula Da Lamurran Hausa) da aka kafa a 1958 sai aka mayar da yawancin ayyukanta ga Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya da ke karkashin Jami’ar Bayero, Kano, ita ce mai kula da ka’idoji da daidaita rubutun Hausa, kuma tun daga 1982 ta yi iyakacin kokarinta na yin wannan aiki tukuru.

Ita ce ke shirya tarurrukan inganta harsunan Nijeriya (musamman na Hausa da Fulfulde da Kanuri). Ta kuma samar da aikin fassara kalmomin zamani zuwa Hausa da kuma Kamusun Hausa cikin Hausa da ta buga a shekarar 2007, bayan sama da shekara 30 ana bincike da nazari da bita.

Haka batun Daidaitacciyar Hausa ya kasance a cikin tsawon tarihi, sai dai an gudanar da ‘yan kwarya-kwaryan tarurruka nan da can domin jawo hankali kan sake zama na musamman game da yadda za a sake bitar halin da ake ciki game da sababbin da tsofaffin matsaloli da ke jibge a tsawon zamani, sai dai da yake ba tarurrukan a-zo-a-gani ba ne ba a cimma matsaya a hukumance ba.

Domin ganin an shawo kan wannan lamari, Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya Da Kimiyyar Harshe na Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2019 ya shirya taron kasa da kasa domin sake bitar batutuwan da suka shafi daidaitacciyar Hausa da ka’idojin rubutun Hausa don sake samar da matsaya.

Taron da ya samu halarcin masana daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, an kuma kawo batutuwa da ake ganin matsaloli ne aka tattauna su. An kuma gabatar da makaloli daban-daban da suka shafi lamurran da ke ci wa fagen tuwo a kwarya.
Kamar yadda aka saba game da tarurruka irin wadannan, an sake zama na musamman a shekarar 2021 a NTI, Kaduna, karkashin jagorancin Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya Da Kimiyyar Harshe na Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna, inda aka zakulo masana da malamai da dalibai daga sassa daban-daban domin yin matsaya bisa ga abubuwan da aka tattauna a taron Kaduna na 2019, game da ka’idojin rubutun Hausa a karni na 21.

Taron ya yi armashi, domin Farfesoshi da Daktoci sama da 40 suka yi wa batutuwan da aka zo da su daga taron 2019 turgeza, aka samar da matsaya da za a iya kiran ta da matsayar taron KASU, KADUNA 2021!
Inda muke ke nan a halin yanzu, sai dai abin da zan kara a nan shi ne, a wadannan tarurruka biyu na 2019 da 2021 da aka yi a Kaduna, kusan dukkan wadanda ke da ra’ayi da ya saba wanda ake da shi a hukumance ba wanda ya zo ko suka taro domin wakiltar su, don jin me ya jawo adawa da matsayar da ake da ita, da su, suke da ita. Duk da haka wannan bai hana an tattauna matsalolin da ra’ayoyin masu adawar da su, an kuma yi matsaya, a ilmance ba!

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