A shekarar 2023, Rasha da Indiya da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniyar Tarayyar Turai za su ƙdaamar da shirin zuwa duniyar wata da kuma kutsawa can cikin sararin samaniya.will be launching missions to the Moon, and further into deep space.
Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan ƙaddamar da aika kumbon Artemis da Hukumar Sararin Samaniyar Amurka Nasa ta yi, wanda jirgin sama jannatin ya je ya zagaya duniyar wata, da zummar sake aika mutane dandagaryar duniyar.
Waye zai aika kumbo duniyar wata?
Indiya na shirin ƙaddamar da kumbon Chandrayaan 3 zuwa duniyar wata a watan Yunin 2023, inda zai sauka a can tare da mutum-mutumi da zummar gano bayanai kan duniyar. A shekarar 2008 ne Indiya ta fara aika kumbo duniyar wata a jirgin sama jannatin Chandrayaan 1.
Rasha na shirin ƙaddamar da kumbon Luna 25 a watan Yulin 2023, inda za ta yi bincike a duniyar wata da tattaro samfura daga yankin kudancin duniyar.
Kumbon SpaceX na shirin ɗaukar babban attaijirin nan ɗan ƙasar Japan Yusaku Maezawa da wasu mutum takwas a wani shiri na dearMoon da za su zagaya duniyar wata a ƙarshen shekarar 2023.
Zai zama karo na farko da kumbon attajirin na Starship zai iya irin wannan bulaguron, wanda yake iya ɗaukar mutum 100.
Nasa, Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Amurka, na shirin sake komawa duniyar wata a 2024. Kumbon Artemis II, zai dauki ƴan sama jannati zuwa zagayen duniyar wata.
Nasan za kuma ta ƙaddamar da shirin Artemis III a shekarar 2025 ko 2026, inda cikin tawagar ƴan sama jannatin da zai kai har da mace da kuma baƙar fata zuwa duniyar wata.
Zai zama karo na farko da mutane za su yi tafiya a kan dandaryar duniyar watan tun bayan zuwan Kumbo Apollo a shekarar 1972.
Nasa ta ce za ta yi amfani da jirgin sama jannati na Space X Starship don ƙaddamar da shirin.
China ta sanar da shirye-shiryen Rasha na kafa sansani a duniyar wata nan da shekarar 2035, sai dai ba a bayyana yadda tsarin hakan zai kasance ba.
Me ya sa ƙasashen duniya ke zuwa duniyar wata?
Burin manyan ƙasashen da suka shahara a al’amuran sararin samaniya irin su Amurka da Rasha da China shi ne don samar da sansanoni a duniyar watan inda ƴan saa jannati za su dinga zama, in ji Dr McDowell, wani ɗan sama jannati a Cibiyar Kula da Ilimin Binciken Sararin Samaniya ta Harvard-Smithsonian a Amurka.
“Zuwa watan zai zama wata dama ce ta fara neman zuwa sauran wurare kamar duniyar Mars,” in ji shi. “Muhimmin waje ne da za a gwada aikin fasaha mai zurfi a sararin samaniya.”
Sannan kuma ba a buƙatar fetur mai yawa don aika jirgin sama jannati daga duniyar wata zuwa sauran sassan samaniya fiye da aika shi daga duniyarmu ta Eath, a cewar Dr Lucinda King, babbar jami’ar kula da shirin zuwa sararin samaniya a Jami’ar Portsmouth.
Ta kuma ƙara da cewa, an ma gano wani wajen samun fetur a duniyar watan.
“Babu tabbas ko akwai ruwa a kudancin duniyar watan,” in ji Dr King. “Za a iya samun iskar haidirojin da oksijin a ciki, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a matsayin man da za a sanya wa kumbunan don zuwa duniyar Mars da sauran wurare.”
“Wannan na daga cikin dalilin da ya sa ake rige-rigen komawa duniyar Wata – don amfani da damar samun ruwan da ake sa rai a can.”
Waɗanne sauran shirye-shiryen zuwa sararin samaniya kuma ake yi a 2023?
Nasa za ta ƙaddamar da shirin aika kumbon Psyche a lokacin bazarar 2023 don gano bayanai a kan dutsen astiriyod mai suna 16 Psyche, wanda ake tsammanin ɓaraguzan wata duniya ce da ta fashe tun a farko-farkon samuwar unguwar rana wato solar system.
Hukumar Sararin Samaniyar Turai (Esa), wacce ƙsashen Turai 22 ke goyon bayanta, na shirin ƙaddamar da wani shiri mai na zuwa Jupiter wato Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) a watan Afrilun 2023.
Binciken zai duba ko akwai wasu alamu na rayuwa a cikin ruwan ƙanƙarar da aka yi amanna yana ƙaƙashin watannin duniyar Jupiter – wato Ganymede da Callistro da Europa.
Sai dai saboda fushin da ake yi da Rasha kan kutsenta a Ukraine, Esa ba za ta yi amfani da rokar Rasha ba wajen tafiyar kamar yadda aka shirya da farko. A maimakon haka za ta yi amfani da rokar SpaceX Falcon 9.
Ta kuma dakatar da haɗa gwiwa da Rasha kan shirin ExoMars na aika roka duniyar Mars, inda ta jinkirta hakan har zuwa shekarar 2028.
China na shirin aika madubin hangen nesa mai suna Xuntian zuwa can ƙasan inda duniya ke zagayawa a watan Disamban 2023, don hango taurari masu nisa da baƙaƙen ramuka.
Tuni ta aika rokoki na bincike duniyar Wata da duniyar Mars, kuma ta kafa tashar binciken kimiyya a sararin samaniyar da ake kira Tiangong.
Dr McDowell ya ce “a shekarun baya-bayan nan ana samu ƙaruwa son ganin an aika mutane duniyar Mars da ma gaba da can.
“Wannan dalili ne ya sa ƙasashe irin China da Indiya suka zama manyan masu ƙarfi ta wajen al’amuran sararin samaniya, inda suka bi sahun Amurka da Rasha da Turai,” in ji shi.
“Gwamnatocinsu na tunanin cewa: idan har wannan gasa ita za a mayar da hankali a kanta a nan gaba, to bai kamata a bar ƙasarmu a baya ba.“
