Yadda kirkirarriyar basira ta Artificial Intelligence za ta shafi ayyuka a Afirka

Kungiyar masana kimiyya ta Turai (Europe’s Scientific Foresight Unit) ta ce kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) tana iya nazarin muhallinta kuma ta dauki matakin da ya dace – tana da ‘yancin yin tunanin bisa radin kanta – don aiwatar da aikin da ta saka a gaba.

Mutembei Kariuki, yana daya daga cikin mutanen da suka kafa wani kamfanin kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) mai suna Fastagger Inc wanda yake birnin Nairobi a kasar Kenya.

Ya ce burin AI shi ne ya yi aiki mai yawa a cikin kankanin lokaci da yin aiki mai kyau da nazarin bayanai cikin hazari da hasashen abubuwan da za su faruwa a harkokin kasuwanci a nan gaba da kuma rage kudin gudanar da ayyuka da kasuwanci.

“Mutane da dama ba su fahimci fasahar kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) ba. Idan ka tambayi mutum ba shiri, mene ne AI, akwai yiwuwar zai ce maka AI yana nufin yadda ake amfani da robot da na’urori don yin ayyukan da dan Adam yake yi a halin yanzu,” kamar yadda Kariuki ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.

“A’a, wannan ba shi ne aikin kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) ba,” in ji Kariuki, ya kara da cewa kamfanoni na amfani da fasahar ne wajen taimaka wa bincike-bincike saboda daukar matakai.

“A takaice, kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) fasaha ce da take taimaka wa ma’aikata yin aikinsu cikin sauri kuma da kyau ta hanyar nazarin bayanai da hasashen wasu abubuwan da za su faruwa da taimakawa wajen gano hanyoyin samun kudi da rage kudin da ake kashewa wajen gudanar da kasuwanci.”

Kananan ayyuka

Fiye da shekara 10, yadda ake amfani da AI wajen yanke hukunci ya karu sosai, inda bangarori kamar na kudi da tsaron kasa da kiwon lafiya da shari’ar manyan laifuka da sufuri su ma suka fara amfani da shi.

Nazari iri daban-daban sun yi hasashen kirkirar AI za ta maye gurbin miliyoyin ayyuka nan da shekarar 2030, sai dai kuma a lokaci za ta samar da wasu sabbin ayyuka wadanda suke bukatar ilimin fasaha.

Wani bincike da Kungiyar tattalin arziki ta World Economic Forum ta wallafa a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilun 2023, ya ce akalla za a rasa wasu ayyuka miliyan 14 a duk fadin duniya nan da shekarar 2027.

Nazarin ya gano cewa yayin da ayyuka miliyan 83 za su zama tsofaffin yayi saboda kirkirarriyar basirar (AI), za a samu wasu sabbin damarmaki miliyan 69, hakan yana nufin za a samu ayyuka miliyan 14 da za a yi asarar gurabensu nan zuwa shekarar 2027.

A shekarar 2019, Bankin ci gaban Afirka na African Development Bank (ADB) ya yi hasashen cewa matasa miliyan 100 na nahiyar ba za su iya samun wani sabon aikin yi ba nan da shekarar 2030, inda aka alakanta hakan da ci gaban fasahohin zamani.

Koyon sabon ilimi

Kariuki ya ce matasa da suke neman ayyuka a wannan zamani sai sun “koyi sabon ilimi” kuma su rungumi fasaha don dorewarsu da ci gabansu, maimakon su rika yi wa fasaha kallon wadda ke barazanar raba su da aikinsu.

“Lokacin da aka fara kirkiro kwamfuta [a shekarar 1971], akwai ayyuka da dama da ta kora. Ciki har da masu aikin buga rubutu (typist) da masinja da masu tattakai bayanai a ofisoshi,” in ji Kariuki.

”Sai dai kuma akwai wasu sabbin ayyuka da kwamfutar ta samar. Sun hada da ayyuka kamar haka: graphics designer da masana kwamfuta da masu samar da manhaja (programmers) da injiniyoyin kwamfuta da sauransu,” in ji shi.

Wani rahoto da aka yi taken makomar ayyuka a Afirka ta Kudu wanda wani kamfanin kasar McKinsey & Company ya wallafa ya ce “ba za a iya hana” sauye-sauyen da ake samu ta fuskar ayyuka da fasaha ta kawo ba.

“Ko da yake tasirinsu mai cutarwa, ya ce wadannan fasahohin dama ce ta ci gaba da karin kudin shiga da bunkasar tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Kudu,” in ji rahoton.

Rahoton ya ci gaba da cewa kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) da ci gaban da ake samu ta fuskar robot za su iya samar da “miliyoyin manyan ayyuka.”

Shugaban kamfanin Massmart Holdings wani kamfanin kayayyaki a Afirka ta Kudu Kuseni Dlamini, ya bukaci kamfanoni da su rika koyawa ma’aikatansu ilimin fasahar zamani don hakan zai taimaka musu wajen samun wasu sabbin ayyuka da ci gaban fasaha zai samar.

“Ya zama dole mu yarda cewa akwai wasu ayyuka da za su kasance babu su. Saboda haka dole ne ma’aikata mayar da hankali wajen rikida don kwarewarsu ta dacewa da ta ayyukan da ke gaba.

“Ana bukatar ba su horo da darussa don shirya mutane sosai kan irin ayyukan da za a bukata a gaba,” in ji Diamini.

Mayar da ayyuka a hannun na’ura

Rahoton McKinsey & Company ya yi hasashen cewa kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) da robot da sauran ci gaban fasaha za su jawo rasa wasu ayyuka miliyan 3.3 a Afirka ta Kudu nan da shekarar 2030.

Ko da yake an kuma yi hasashen cewa za a samar da wasu ayyuka miliyan 4.5 – hakan yana nufin an kirkiro sabbin ayyuka miliyan 1.2 kenan.

Sai dai nazarin ya ce ba a san yadda ayyukan miliyan 1.2 za su kasance ba, kodayake za su kasance ne a bangaren fasaha.

Fiye da sabbin ayyuka 570,000 za su kasance ne a fannin kiwon lafiya da jinya, sai kuma ayyuka fiye da 260,000 a bangaren gine-gine, a cewar binciken.

“Nazarin da muka yi kan ayyuka, ya nuna cewa akwai ‘yan kalilan ne da za a mayar da su kaso 100 bisa 100 a hannu na’ura.

Misali, aikin tattara bayanai da jami’an da ke biyan albashin ma’aikata ke yi, kaso 72 cikin 100 na aikin ne na’ura za ta iya yi.”

Ma’aikata a wannan bangare ba za a iya maye gurbinsu gaba daya da fasahar zamani ba, sai dai za a iya rage yawansu saboda kila mutane kalilan ne ake bukata don yin aikin.”

Nazarin da cibiyar McKinsey Global Institute ta yi ya gano cewa kaso 60 cikin 100 na ayyuka sun kunshi kaso 30 cikin 100 aikin da na’ura za ta iya yi.

Mutanen da abin zai fi shafa

Nazarin da aka yi a Afirka ta Kudu ya gano cewa nan da shekarar 2030, kirkirarriyar basirar da ci gaban fasaha za su share ayyuka 334,000.

Daga nan sai bangaren gudanarwa da shugabanci da bangaren gwamnati (ayyuka 309,000 ) da bangaren masana’antu (231,000) da bangaren sufuri da manyan wuraren adana kayayyaki (186,000) da bangaren aikin gona da dazuka da masu sana’ar su (87,000), sai bangaren samar da gidaje (20,000).

An yi hasashen bangaren yada labarai a Afirka ta Kudu zai rasa akalla ayyuka dubu 7,000 daga nan zuwa shekarar 2030.

Bangarorin da ake ganin za su samu karuwa sosai na ayyuka saboda ci gaban fasahar zamani su ne kiwon lafiya (570,000 sabbin ayyuka) da gine-gine (261,000) da kuma sauran bangarorin masu tasowa (152,000).

Haka zalika nazarin ya yi hasashen cewa akwai yiwuwar samun sabbin ayyuka a bangaren kimiyya da ayyukan fasaha (ayyuka 112,000,000) da bangaren ilimi (ayyuka 110,000,000) da bangaren zane-zane da nishadi (ayyuka 48,000) da bangaren samar da muhalli da abinci and (ayyuka 28,000) da bangaren kasuwanci (ayyuka 23,000).

Shugaban Jami’ar Pretoria Farfesa Tawana Kupe ya ce “ni ban yarda cewa robot za su kwashe ayyukan mutane ba.”

“Fasaha tana dauke ayyuka da suka zamar wa mai yinsa jiki ne, ko ayyuka a ake maimaita abu guda kuma hakan zai bai wa dan Adam samun wani babban aiki da ke bukatar zurfin tunani,” in ji shi, kamar yadda aka ruwaito shi rahoton McKinsey & Company.

Mutembei Kariuki ya ce kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) za ta taimakawa kusa kowane bangare kuma za ta inganta ayyukan da ake yi, za ta rage lokacin da ake batawa kuma za ta sa a kara fahimtar kwastomomi da jama’a.

“Mu dauki misalin cibiyar nazarin aikin gona, za a iya amfani da AI wajen gano hanyar da za a yi noman rani da irin da zai jurewa fari da sauransu.

“Wannan zai sa a samu yalwar amfanin gona kuma zai taimaka wajen samar da ayyuka zuwa gaba,” kamar yadda ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.

“A bangaren nishadi, shahararren mawaki daga Nijeriya Davido zai iya amfani da kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) wajen yada wakokinsa a kafafen sada zumunta.

“AI za ta iya yin nazarin dabi’un mai sauraron wakoki kuma za ta kai wa mai kaunar wakokin Davido wakar.

“Wannan zai sa wakarsa za ta kai ga mutane masu tarin yawa idan aka kwatanta da ake ce ba a yi amfani da AI ba wajen yada wakar.”

Kariuki ya kara da cewa a bangaren ilimi za a samu karin guraben ayyuka, saboda za a bukaci malamai da za su rika koyar da AI da sauransu.

“Masu samar da AI da masu amfani da shi za su samu damarmaki masu kyau,” in ji shi.

Sauyin yanayi

Joost Muller, manajan kasuwanci ne a kamfanin Hello Tractor, wani kamfani da yake amfani da AI wajen aikin gona, ya ce kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) za ta taimaka wajen yaki da kalubalen da sauyin yanayi ya jawo.

Muller ya ce a Afirka, kaso 80 cikin 100 na al’ummarta suna dogaro sosai ne kan noman da ya dogara da ruwan sama.

Ya ce galibi manoma suna dogaro ne da kwarewarsu wajen yin shuka da kuma kiwo. ”Sauyin yanayi yana ci gaba babu kakkautawa, yana da wuya mutum ya dogara a kan ruwan sama da kwarewa kawai.

Ta hanyar amfani da kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) za a iya gano lokacin da ya fi dacewa a yi noma ta hanyar tattara hotunan tauraron dan Adam,” kamar yadda Muller ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.

Sai dai kuma akwai tsoron da wasu suke cewa bambancin da ke tsakanin nahiyar Afirka da sauran kasashe da suka ci gaba zai kara fadada a wannan zamani na AI.

Yayin da samar da fasahar AI yake da tsadar samarwa da tafiyarwa, masana suna ganin kasashe da ba su da arziki sosai – kamar wadanda suke wasu bangarorin Afirka da sauran yankunan kasashe matalauta – za a bar su a baya idan ana maganar yin amfani da AI wajen tafiyar da ayyukan yau da kullum.

Sauyin cikin hanzari

“Idan aka tambaye ni, zan ce kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) za ta ba Afirka damar kamo sauran kasashen duniya ta fuskar ci gaba.

Sai dai kuma idan Afirka ba ta yi amfani da damarta ba, to gibi da ke tsakanin nahiyar da sauran kasashen duniya zai kara fadada ne,” in ji Kariuki.

”Ba kamar sauye-sauyen kamar a fuskar noma da masana’antu ba, sauyin da kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) yake kawowa yana faruwa ne a idon ‘yan Afirka. Ya kamata su karbi wannan dama kuma su ci gaba da ita,” in ji shi.

Kamar sauran fasahohi, akwai tsoron da ake da shi cewa AI zai kara take hakkin mutane kamar hakkin mallakar fasaha da kuma yi wa jama’a kutse.

Ko da yake, wasu kamfanonin AI a Amurka suna fuskar tuhuma a kotu kan zargin yadda suke take hakkin jama’a.

Dokta Carlos Lopes, tsohon sakatare a hukumar tattalin arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bangaren Afirka, kuma ya shaida wa TRT Afrika cewa ya dace gwamnatoci su yi dukkan mai yiwuwa waken ganin cewa idan aka fara amfani da AI gadan-gadan, an kare bayanan jama’a.

“A yau, manyan kamfanoni a duniya suna tattarawa da sarrafa bayanai jama’a. Ya kamata Afirka ta kula sosai wajen shiga yarjejeniyoyi kare bayanai da kasashenta suka mallaka,” in ji shi.

Shin AI zai share duka ayyukan da muke da su a yanzu a Afirka da sauran sassan duniya? Gajeruwar amsar ita ce a’a.

Kamar da Oren Etzioni, shugaban kamfanin Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence ya ce: ” ka ce kirkirarriyar basirar (AI) za ta fara yin abin da take so don amfanin kanta, to kamar ka ce na’urar kakuleta za ta fara lissafe-lissafe ne da kanta.”